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Table of Content

    31 August 2018, Volume 24 Issue 4
    Digital Film and Television Technology
    An old film restoration method using subframe quilting
    XIA Tianran, DING Youdong, YU Bing, HUANG Xi
    2018, 24(4):  503-511.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2010
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    Unlike noise, spots and scratches, widespread damage is the major difficulty in old film restoration. Considering that old film sequences contain rich frame information, a subframe quilting method for widespread damage in old films is suggested here. Before repair, the first step is to segment lens and preprocess frame screen. After selecting the forward and backward reference frames, we now choose the damaged subframes and the corresponding reference subframes. Then, we interpolate the intermediate subframes according to two reference subframes. Finally, we quilt the intermediate subframe into the damaged area, and complete the widespread damage restoration. This method not only solves the problem of widespread damage, but also assists old film repairers with preliminary repair.

    Simulation of film melee based on multi-autonomous agents
    HUANG Dongjin, LI Hejuan, DUAN Siwen, XIAO Fan, DING Youdong
    2018, 24(4):  512-523.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2071
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    Group animation has been a challenging research topic in the field of film production. In view of the fact that current digital emulation simulation of the movie battle scene is flawed with the problems of single motion mode, poor authenticity and heavy workload, this paper proposes a method of group simulation for film melee scenes based on the multiple autonomous agents. First, the area of operation is intelligently divided according to the scale and angle of the scene, and the corresponding local KD tree is established. Then, on the basis of visual perception, obstacle avoidance, evasion, and intelligent invoking of action data, the group roles in the melee scenes are intelligently controlled, achieving group behaviors such as group follow-up, grouping, the intelligent search target, and so on. The experimental results show that the proposed methodis feasible, and that it could simulate the multi-role intelligent movement of the complex film melee scenes well with high fidelity.

    HDR image style transfer technique based on generative adversarial networks
    XIE Zhifeng, YE Guanhua, YAN Shuqi, HE Shaorong, DING Youdong
    2018, 24(4):  524-534.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2058
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    In view of the complex and time-consuming synthetic process of the high dynamic range (HDR) images, a novel HDR image transfer technique based on the generative adversarial network has been proposed. The process is as follows: first to build two training sets of the generative adversarial network---ordinary images and low-exposure HDR images; ordinary images and high exposure HDR images. Then, through the training of the generative adversarial networks, the two generative models of ordinary images to low exposure HDR images and ordinary images to high exposure HDR images are established. Finally, a picture is put into the model, the high and low exposure images and the original images are combined to synthesize HDR files, and the tone mapping forms the image after the final HDR style transfer. This method not only solves effectively the problem of HDR image style transfer, but also proves the advantages of the generative adversarial network in processing image editing.

    Effect of crossing event in VR on perception of the audience
    TIAN Feng, DAI Shuaifan, DONG Fenglong, ZHANG Zhiyi, CHU Lingwei
    2018, 24(4):  535-544.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2046
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    Crossing event in VR movies has strong visual impact on observers and can provide an ideal environment for immersion. To explore the methods of layout and kinematic design in VR movies, task-based perception experiment has been designed to analyze the relationship between response time and start position, velocity, and depth of endpoint. At the same time, the effect of movement on immersion, comfort and emotion can be analyzed through subjective questionnaire, and sense perception regularity of crossing events can be built. The experiment results indicate that standard deviation of response time significantly increases with depth, that the object crossing left has lower loss rate and is more enjoyable, and that the objects crossing right above or below are most annoying and have the lowest and highest loss rate respectively. It is also learned that the one below breaks immersion seriously, and that slow object ($\leq 20$ m/s) gets noticed quickly when it stops at the middle of space behind people, while fast object ($\geq20$ m/s) has higher loss rate when it stops at the same place.

    Detecting method of defects in movie conversation quality
    WU Hao, ZHANG Ying, MAO Runkun, DONG Xueting
    2018, 24(4):  545-552.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2070
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    Dialogue is an important part of film and television sound, but whether it is dialogue recorded in the same period or in the period of ADR (voice dubbing), sound quality defects of various kinds are inevitable because of equipment, environment, and human factors. Traditional post-processing, which is carried out by manually searching for defects, is inefficient. This paper explores various types of sound defects in film and television dialogue, and then it compares feasible detection methods to provide ideas for automatic detection of dialogue defects.

    Attention guidance of immersive electricity training in VR
    ZHANG Tingting, HOU Xiaofei, TIAN Feng, WANG Yihua
    2018, 24(4):  553-563.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2009
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    There is personal danger in the process of electric power inspection, which puts forward very high professional skill requirements for workers. Traditional video training lacks immersion and training efficiency is low, while the actual training cost is high with huge risk for beginners. An immersion virtual substation training system has been developed, which has the functions of sequence training, information prompting and evaluation scoring, and has been applied to the safety training of electric power inspection. 6 visual guidance and 1 sound guidance methods are designed, and a comparative study of attention guidance in VR training was conducted. The experimental results show that compared with the non boot mode, the 7 guidance methods can significantly improve the training efficiency, and spotlights, edge highlight, edge flashing guide in balance training efficiency and immersion performance is excellent.

    Research Articles
    Gait detailed classification of pedestrian level walking based on kurtosis
    BAO Shen, ZHANG Jinyi, YAO Weiqiang, LIANG Bin
    2018, 24(4):  564-571.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1830
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    Gait is a biological feature of human being, which is important in the research of location and navigation. Most approaches to the pedestrian gait classification based on MEMS inertial sensors use a peak-picking method. These approaches recognize the current pedestrian gait by detecting the peak value of acceleration signals. False acceleration peaks due to self-noise caused by Brownian motion and environmental factors reduce accuracy of classification results. To deal with this problem, an approach named gait detailed classification of pedestrian level walking based on kurtosis is proposed from the perspective of the overall waveform. The gait acceleration signals in the forward direction obtained from the MEMS sensor is first transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain with FFT. Modulus of the frequency domain signals are squared, and then transformed back to the time domain. A self-amplified signal can be obtained in this process, and most false acceleration peaks removed. Finally, kurtosis of the self-amplified signal is calculated and analyzed to distinguish jog, walk and run. Experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of the proposed method reaches 98.62%, improving the overall classification accuracy by 7.37% as compared with methods of combining acceleration and frequency power.

    Sparse signal recovery based on majorization-minimization with enhanced sparsity
    WANG Chen, FANG Yong, HUANG Qinghua, ZHANG Liming
    2018, 24(4):  572-582.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1839
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    Conventional sparse signal recovery algorithms fail to promote strong sparsity. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a sparse signal recovery algorithm based on a non-convex function with enhanced sparsity. Relationship between the shrinkage function and the penalty function is shown, and a new non-convex penalty function with enhanced sparsity is proposed. The majorization-minimization (MM) method is used to solve the non-convex optimization problem. The convex upper bounds are constructed to approximate the original non-convex penalty function that is hard to solve. Both the convex part and the convex upper bounds of this objective function are optimized iteratively. Compared with existing algorithms based on non-convex penalty functions, the proposed algorithm has two main advantages. First, it is free of the impact of parameter. Second, the gradient direction of the proposed algorithm includes the non-convex part of the objective function. In particular, for sparse wireless channel estimation problems, simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can achieve more accurate estimation with less pilot symbols.

    Modeling and algorithm implementation of dietary nutrition optimization for diabetic patients
    KONG Weijian, WANG Yongfang, TONG Zilei, ZHANG Hongguang
    2018, 24(4):  583-591.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1842
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    A diabetic's nutritional diet program designed according to the patient's condition is a premise for effective control of blood glucose. In view of the demand of individualized nutrition therapy for diabetes patients, a multi-objective optimization model is established to meet the requirements of patients with different genders, heights, weights, ages and blood glucose levels. The model and the algorithm are validated in a specific experiment. The results show that nutrition of designed recipes is balanced, and weights of the ingredients are reasonable so that nutritional needs of the patients can be met. The model and the algorithm are effective and feasible, with improved precision of diabetes nutrition recipe design.

    Effects of diurnal variation of dissolved oxygen on nitrous oxide production and nitrogen cycling in lake sediments
    LIANG Xia, LI Binbin, SUN Yiqi, ZHANG Wenjing, LI Weiping
    2018, 24(4):  592-601.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1837
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    Photosynthesis and respiration of submerged macrophytes play important roles in determining the diurnal variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in shallow lakes. This diel DO variation can in turn affect nitrous oxide (N$_{2}$O) emissions and nitrogen (N) cycling in lakes. Batch experiments were performed to measure N$_{2}$O and nitrogen concentrations with varied DO concentrations. Sediment cores are collected from a large, shallow eutrophic lake with submerged macrophytes enriched in the lake. Higher N$_{2}$O and lower nitrogen gas (N$_{2})$ concentrations were observed at the diurnal varied DO concentrations (2.0$\sim$12.0 mg/L) as compared with the relative steady DO concentration (3.0$\sim$ 4.0 mg/L) tests. The diurnal varied DO concentrations in this study showed significant promoted effect on total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH$_{4}$-N) removal. It was found that the major cause of more N$_{2}$O production and higher TN removal at varied DO concentration was due to higher nitrification and denitrification rates. The results of this study suggest that diurnal varied DO concentration may increase N$_{2}$O emission and promote N removal from shallow eutrophic lakes.

    Mixed Legendre-spherical harmonic spectral method for solving Navier-Stokes equations
    SONG Yang, HUANG Wei
    2018, 24(4):  602-608.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1847
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    A fully discrete mixed Legendre-spherical harmonic spectral method was proposed for the Navier-Stokes equations in a domain between two concentric balls. Legendre orthogonal approximation is used in the radial direction, and spherical harmonic orthogonal approximation in other directions. The forward difference quotient is used for time derivative. Numerical results show efficiency of this approach.

    Analysis of technical efficiency of container terminals based on a dynamic stochastic frontier model
    ZHANG Shibin, SHI Huan
    2018, 24(4):  609-616.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1840
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    Based on a dynamic stochastic frontier model and the Bayesian statistical method, the technical efficiency and its effect factors of the ports are analyzed by aid of the 2007---2012 panel data of 14 container terminals in the Yangtze Delta. In the modeling, handling equipment and regional factors are introduced as covariates to analyze their effects on the output of the terminal. The transportation system of the port and the employee composition are introduced as covariates to study their effects on the technical efficiency. It is evidenced that the output of the port benefits more from the inputs of handling equipment than from the area of yards and the length of berths. For exogenous variables, improvement in technical efficiency benefits more from the higher ratio of water transshipment and the larger number of worker than from the longer period of employee education and the higher ratio of international transshipment business.

    Effects of new chemicals on permeability and vacuum consolidation of waste pulp in high clay content
    WU Yajun, GU Saishuai, LU Lihai, QIANG Xiaobing, LUO Jiacheng
    2018, 24(4):  617-626.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1841
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    For Wenzhou waste pulp with high contents of water and clay, we study relationship between agent dosage and particle composition, turbidity, pH, muddy surface subsidence and liquid plastic limit in a free settling and one-dimensional consolidation test by adding different doses of curing flocculation. Effects of agent dosage on permeability and strength are also studied in a vacuum drainage model test. The following results are obtained. 1) The chemicals coalesce small particles by compressing twin electrical layer, but the degree is less than organic chemicals. 2) Waste pulp permeability coefficient becomes large in 3 or 7 days after the agents join in, decreases in other time. The reagent dosage and slurry permeability coefficient is large. In a range of low consolidation pressure, it can increase 5 $\sim $ 10 times as compared to the original waste pulp. 3) Chemicals with vacuum drainage can greatly improve the combination of vacuum drainage rate. In low water content at the same time, the strength, plastic limit, and liquid limit of the soil are increased. Test of vane shear strength is up to 47.1 kPa. The analysis shows that the effects of new chemicals on waste pulp by vacuum preloading mainly embodied in particle coalescence, increase permeability and increase drainage, and curing. By selecting appropriate chemical dosage and ages, significant treatment effect can result. It is worth of large scale promotion.

    Predicting fluctuating wind velocity using optimized combined kernel functions based LSSVM
    XU Yanqin, LI Chunxiang
    2018, 24(4):  627-633.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1819
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    With linear combination operation on B-spline kernel functions including B1, B3, and B5 and radial basis function (RBF) kernel functions, combined kernel functions (referred to as the B-RBF function) are proposed. Further, least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) based B-RBF functions are developed, termed PSO-B-RBF. To predict fluctuating wind velocity, optimization is implemented on penalty parameters and kernel parameters using the PSO algorithm. For comparison, prediction results of PSO-RBF-LSSVM are also taken into consideration. The numerical analyses demonstrate that PSO-B3-RBF-LSSVM has better performance in predicting fluctuating wind velocity with respect to PSO-B1-RBF-LSSVM, PSO-B5-RBF-LSSVM, and PSO-RBF-LSSVM.

    Improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets
    LI Jing, YU Liying
    2018, 24(4):  634-641.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1824
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    An improved fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed for a set of multi-feature clustering analysis problems, in which feature weights are unknown and feature values are intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A regional density parameter is defined, and c samples with the farthest Euclidean distance from the high-density region are selected as initial clustering centers. The Characteristic values are weighted with Characteristic weights calculated by using intuitionistic fuzzy entropy. Calculation steps for the improved FCM clustering algorithm based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets are given. Validity of the proposed improved algorithm is checked with a numerical example. The improved algorithm can solve the problem of falling into local minima, and greatly reduce iterative time so as to accelerate convergence.

    Research on the government guarantee value of PPP highway projects
    MA Guanghong, LIU Leilei, LIU Liang, MA Liang
    2018, 24(4):  642-654.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1966
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    Transportation infrastructure projects are characterized by high investment and high risks. In order to encourage social capital institutions to invest infrastructure, the government offers traffic volume's guarantee to reduce the risks and achieve win-to-win goals. First, the real option theory is used to analyze the option characteristics of the government's guarantee which is about the traffic volume's upper and lower limits of PPP highways. From the risk sharing perspective, the paper employs the method of Shapley value to determine the government's distribution ratio to the excess earnings resulting from the exceeding traffic volume. Furthermore, it is combined with the Black-Scholes option pricing formula to study the value of the government's guarantee about the traffic volume's upper and lower limits of PPP highways. Finally, the value of government guarantee is calculated through an example of PPP highway project.

    Rescue vehicle routing optimization considering distribution of resources in rescue points
    HAN Yajuan, YANG Yuhang, PENG Yunfang
    2018, 24(4):  655-664.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1913
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    Optimization of rescue vehicle routing based on material distribution is studied, aimed to make full use of the available resources of the rescue system, and improve rescue efficiency. In the rescue after a disaster, the amount of materials and transport capacity of each rescue point may be unbalanced. To build a material distribution area, rescue vehicles of all rescue points are divided into two categories. Those in the first category are responsible for transportation of materials from the rescue points to the material distribution area. Vehicles of the second category are responsible for the transportation of material to the affected points. If more materials are needed by vehicles of the second category, materials can be obtained from the material distribution area. Based on the this analysis, a model of emergency rescue vehicle routing is established and a simulated annealing algorithm is designed. The objective is to minimize the rescue time. A case study is given, showing that the proposed method is reasonable and can be used as a reference for the decision-making purpose.

    Robust multi-objective signal optimization control for mixed traffic at adjacent intersection
    CHEN Juan, YU Yuxuan, JING Hao
    2018, 24(4):  665-674.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1851
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    To improve efficiency and deal with uncertainty of intelligent signal control for mixed traffic flow at signalized adjacent road intersections in cities, a robust multi-objective optimization control model is established to deal with uncertainty due to cycle length disturbance and traffic flow fluctuation. An intelligent optimization control method based on robust multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, IDR-NSGA-II, is proposed. Key techniques are improved, including adaptive sampling, definition of robustness degree and robust partial order relation, for better performance and running speed of the algorithm. A new multi-attribute decision making analysis method, ELM-MADMA, is presented to select a satisfactory solution from the Pareto front set. Simulation of an adjacent intersection in Shanghai shows that the proposed control method can simultaneously optimize several traffic performance indicators such as vehicle average delay, road capacity, chronic traffic average delay and average parking rate of motor vehicle under cycle length disturbance and traffic flow fluctuation. The ELM-MADMA algorithm outperforms other decision making methods, with improved system efficiency.