骨科止血材料的演进:从传统骨蜡到可吸收骨蜡

唐晨; 颜世峰

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2746

上海大学学报(自然科学版) >

2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 3: 375 - 387

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2746

生物工程

骨科止血材料的演进:从传统骨蜡到可吸收骨蜡

唐晨 ,
颜世峰

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上海大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200444

收稿日期: 2026-04-08

网络出版日期: 2026-07-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52273132)

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Evolution of orthopedic hemostatic materials: from traditional bone wax to absorbable bone wax

TANG Chen ,
YAN Shifeng

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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Received date: 2026-04-08

Online published: 2026-07-04

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摘要

系统综述了骨科止血核心材料——骨蜡的发展脉络、作用原理及前沿进展.首先剖析外科止血的常规策略及其在复杂创面中的应用局限,强调骨科止血对材料生物相容性与骨愈合进程协同适配的特殊需求.理想的骨创面止血材料需在“术中有效止血”与“避免长期不良反应”之间取得平衡,应在骨骼生理性止血稳定前保证有效止血,同时在体内存留时间与骨愈合早期关键阶段相协调.在此基础上,梳理了从传统不可吸收骨蜡向可吸收骨蜡的迭代升级的演进轨迹,分析了各类产品的成分特征、降解性能及其在不同临床场景中的应用优势与局限.进一步探讨了聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆、聚乳酸及钙磷材料等核心成分的体内代谢途径,探究其降解、吸收行为对骨愈合结局的影响机制.最后,展望了骨面止血从不可吸收骨蜡的被动“物理封堵”向可吸收骨蜡的“生物协同”方向发展的趋势,指出未来应聚焦“止血-成骨”一体化模式、增强抗菌功能性、个性化定制策略及临床验证体系构建等方向,助力骨科止血修复实现真正的生物学愈合.

关键词： 止血材料; 骨蜡; 被动封堵; 生物协同

本文引用格式

唐晨 , 颜世峰 . 骨科止血材料的演进:从传统骨蜡到可吸收骨蜡[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2026 , 32(3) : 375 -387 . DOI: 10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2746

Abstract

This paper systematically reviewed the development history, mechanisms of action, and frontier advances of bone wax, a core hemostatic material in orthopedics. This paper first analyzed conventional hemostatic strategies in surgery and their application limitations in complex wounds, emphasizing the special requirements of orthopedic hemostasis for the synergistic adaptation between material biocompatibility and bone healing processes. Ideal hemostatic materials for bone surfaces must strike a balance between “effective intraoperative hemostasis” and “avoiding long-term adverse reactions”. They should ensure effective hemostasis before physiological hemostasis stabilizes at the skeletal site, and simultaneously, their residence time in vivo should be coordinated with the key early stages of bone healing. On this basis, this paper outlined the evolutionary trajectory from traditional non-absorbable bone wax to absorbable bone wax and analyzed the composition characteristics, degradation performance, and application advantages and limitations of various products in different clinical scenarios. Furthermore, this paper explored the in vivo metabolic pathways of core components including polyethylene glycol, poloxamer, polylactic acid, and calcium phosphate materials and investigated the mechanisms by which their degradation and absorption behaviors affect bone healing outcomes. Finally, this paper envisioned the development trend of bone surface hemostasis from passive “physical occlusion” of non-absorbable bone wax toward “biological synergy” of absorbable bone wax and pointed out that future research should focus on the integrated hemostasis-osteogenesis model, enhancement of antibacterial functions, personalized customization strategies, and construction of clinical validation systems, thereby facilitating the realization of true biological healing in orthopedic hemostatic repair.

Key words： hemostatic material; bone wax; physical occlusion; biological synergy

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