高通量合金制备实验系统通过多工位、小样品的自动化合成, 可以降低单个样品的制备时间和成本, 提高材料的合成效率. 为了阐明新型高通量合金制备的工艺和微观结构特点,使用自主设计的高通量自动电弧熔炼系统制备了 CuCrZr 小样品合金, 优化电弧熔炼的工艺参数, 探究合金元素收得率, 并考察其微观组织形貌. 研究结果发现, 在熔炼电流为 200 A 时铜合金样品的烧损稳定、铸锭质量较好, 并根据 Cr 和 Zr 烧损情况拟合了相应元素的收得公式. 选取3 种典型成分铜合金(低Cr 高Zr、低Cr 低Zr 和高Cr 低Zr) 的铸态组织进行分析,发现合金铸锭组织中心区域为粗大柱状晶, 铜坩埚底部靠近水冷区域存在薄的细晶层. 铸态CuCrZr 合金中析出相分布在枝晶间隙, 富Cr 相为(Cu+Cr) 共晶相, 富CuZr 相为Cu₅₁Zr₁₄和 Cu₅Zr, 与相图和文献报道一致. 性能测量表明, 合金元素的添加能够提高合金的硬度, 但降低了其电导率. 证明了高通量小样品合金制备的可行性和有效性, 为其推广到常规样品制备和工业化生产提供了参考依据.

Through multiple stations and small sample automatic synthesis, a high-throughput alloy preparation experimental system can reduce the preparation time and cost of individual samples and improve the synthesis efficiency of materials. To elucidate the process of the new high-throughput alloy preparation and to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the alloy samples, this study used a self-designed high-throughput automatic arc melting system to prepare CuCrZr small-sample alloys, optimized the process parameters of arc melting, explored the yield rate of alloy elements, and investigated their morphologies. The study found that when the melting current was 200 A, the burn loss of the copper alloy sample was stable, the quality of the ingots was good, and the actual compositions could be deduced from the burn losses of Cr and Zr. The casting microstructures of three typical components of copper alloys (low-Cr-high-Zr, low-Cr-low-Zr, and high-Cr-low-Zr alloys) were selected for analysis. The central area of the alloy ingot was determined to be a coarse columnar crystal, and a thin fine crystal layer was present near the water-cooled area at the bottom of the copper crucible. The precipitates in the as-cast CuCrZr alloy were distributed in interdendritic gaps. The Cr-rich phase was a (Cu+Cr) eutectic phase, and the CuZr-rich phases were Cu₅₁Zr₁₄ and Cu₅Zr, which were consistent with the phase diagram and literature. Performance measurements showed that the addition of alloying elements increased the hardness of the studied alloys but reduced their electron conductivity. This study proves the feasibility and effectiveness of high-throughput small-sample alloy preparation and provides a reference for its extension to conventional sample preparation and industrial production.